Saturday, December 11, 2010

Contrast

The idea of creating contrast is to attract the eye.

Now some of you might think that contrast is only a difference between white and black, but that's not all that I mean with contrast. Contrast is the difference between things. So contrast is light and dark, round and sharp, new and old, natural and technical, complex and simple.. You get the point.
You can also think that contrast is separating one thing from another, and you can take that thinking to very abstract level. For example paint something that hasn't been seen before and that way creating a contrast between existing paintings and your new painting.



" To have contrast, you need to have similarity. "


If you have a white paper that has one black spot in the middle, that black spot attracts the eye. Now if you fill the paper with black spots, then the eye doesn't attract to that place anymore.



Ways to attract attention
Just to name a few..
(Images are from national geography's photography contest)


Sharpness












Color












Size












Density












Things that don't belong










A familiar form














The danger of over doing
This is very common problem when creating contrast.
When you have too many of those red leaves that work as a contrasting element, the eye doesn't know anymore where to look.









Conceptions

Conceptions is all about telling a story.

You give the viewer a piece of your self, this is where experience shows. If you have been through a lot in your life, you will tell interesting stories more easily.
This is a subject where you really have to open your eyes and look around. What can you see?

  • Do you see a dirty car passing and somebody has written "I love you" in the window.
  • Do you see a busy street in rush hour, there a tired business man standing and looking in to emptiness with tie thrown over his shoulder.
  • Do you see a bus where all passengers are looking in one direction except one.

What can you see?



The story can be very simple










Or it can be very complicated
Creating conceptions is the part where you really have to look in the mirror and capture what touches you the most.

A story in an image requires one very important element - The viewer. You as an artist only give a set of conceptions, but the viewer is the one that actually completes the story.






Children
Children are usually a very good way of telling a story since they can tell so many things to different people.










Who is the story for?
Try to find a subject that your audience understands and can relate to and what makes them think.









Tuesday, December 7, 2010

Composition

Introduction and a word of warning
   These theories are good to know and some of them might help you out when you feel stuck with some image. Be aware though that they can also take away the originality from your work if you rely too heavily on theory. I've seen people change a strong composition to more generic and boring just because the theory says it's better this way.
   Then again if you are a concept artist in a big game company, your consistent art that looks the same as the next guy's might be exactly what they want.

   All in all I just wan't to warn you not to rely too heavily in theory and encourage you to trust your own vision for what looks good.


What can you do with composition?
  • Guide the eye to some area or point.
  • Create more aesthetic images with arrangement of elements






Phi - the golden number
Here is a site that finds phi in everything..
Phi is used to divide the image in to chunks that makes the image pleasing to watch.
This has been used since the building of pyramids.








Theory in practice
Ok, I admit, that theory is a bit thick and math heavy. I think it's better to look at those theories through examples to give you a better understanding what all that means.
The following examples are taken from this site:
http://production.4filmmaking.com/cinematography7.html

I've collected some examples from there, but you should check it out if you want to know more.





Shapes
You can use simple geometric shapes to help your picture composition. Can you see the triangle you get by connecting imaginary lines between the three nuns? This triangle adds strong visual unity to this picture.






Simplicity
Look for ways to give the center of interest in your pictures the most visual attention.
Simplify your pictures and strengthen your center of interest by selecting uncomplicated backgrounds, avoiding unrelated subjects, and moving in close.






Lines
It's a simple and easy path for the eye to follow to the main subject. You can also use repetitive lines to draw viewers' attention to your center of interest.








This sculpture has some beautiful lines, but they're obscured by the busy background. Let's simplify this picture by moving our camera viewpoint in close to the base of the sculpture.









Curves
One of the most common and graceful lines used in composition is called the S curve.










Balance
Good balance is simply the arrangement of shapes, colors, or areas of light and dark that complement one another so that the photograph looks well-balanced.








There are usually several ways to arrange or balance your subjects. You may choose the style on the left because you'd like to convey a feeling of formality-or you may prefer the more relaxed informal pose. They're both well balanced.








Framing
What we mean is to frame the center of interest with objects in the foreground. This can give a picture the feeling of depth it needs to make it more than just another snapshot.








Whether or not you use a frame for a picture will depend on each new subject. What you choose as a frame for the scene will, of course, vary as well.








Overlapping Elements
Near mergers may not be quite as objectionable, but they can steal attention from your center of interest. Near mergers are objects or lines that are just too close to the principal subject. In this case the ball and umbrella tip are near mergers.






Repeating Elements
Repeating elements in image is a good and easy way to tell the viewer what he/she is looking at. You can show only a small part of an element in the foreground but as you go towards the background you can incrementally reveal what that element looks like. 
Repeating elements is also a very good way to show scale of things.

Saturday, November 27, 2010

Making interesting images

When I think of how to create interesting images, I can think of two things:

  • Image that tells a story
  • Aesthetically pleasing image



Telling a Story
Usually when you look at some picture, it's much more interesting if it is telling a story. That leaves more room to your imagination since there is much more in the image than what you see. If you can wake the viewers imagination, then the picture is much more interesting to look at.
For example let's take a situation where you are looking some good horror movie about some sea monster. Don't you agree that the monster can be very scary until the moment when you actually see it?

Lets take couple example images..
(images are from National geographics photography contest 2010)



















Now there is no point for me telling what story each picture tells. Actually that would be just like in the movie example when somebody shows you what the monster looks like, it would not be so interesting anymore.
The key here is that each viewer sees these images differently and form different stories in their minds. They all tell a story, but let the viewer decide what that story is!
Basically the image is a set of conceptions where the viewer is the artist who finishes the painting.



Aesthetically pleasing image
These are the kind of images that is not based on telling a story, but creating blobs of color that is pleasing to watch. Good example of this is once when I was in a bus going back home, there was a beautiful sunset. I was sitting at the back looking at it, and then I noticed that it's unusually quiet. There is always somebody talking in a full bus. So I looked around and saw how every head in the bus was turned to the sunset admiring its beauty.
(images are from National geographics photography contest 2010)







How?
When going deeper from what in to how, it's difficult to separate storytelling theory from beauty theory since they have concepts that are similar.
I would break the theory of making interesting images in three categories
  • Contrast
  • Composition
  • Conceptions
Now when you create or photograph images you should remember that these theories are usually tied together and support each other.
When making pictures that has a story, you usually give the viewer a set of conceptions and guide the story with contrast and composition. This might sound complicated, but it can also be very simple.
Let's get an example.






The plastic bag is the conception that tells a story in this image. Viewer is guided to look at that plastic bag using contrast of simplicity (water and sky) and detail in recognizable forms.
The plastic bag works also as a contrast of garbage and nature so it attracts the eye because we are not used to see dolphins swimming with plastic bags.


Contrast
The idea of creating contrast is to attract the eye. You can also create more aesthetic images with contrast of things.

Now some of you might think that contrast is only a difference between white and black, but that's not all that I mean with contrast. Contrast is the difference between things. So contrast is light and dark, round and sharp, new and old, natural and technical, complex and simple.. You get the point.
You can also think that contrast is separating one thing from another, and you can take that thinking to very abstract level. For example paint something that hasn't been seen before and that way creating a contrast between existing paintings and your new painting.


Composition
The idea of composition is to guide the eye to some area or point. You can also create more aesthetic images with composition of elements.


Conceptions
Giving the viewer conceptions is a big part of story telling in pictures.
You can give conceptions as small hints as you guide the eye to some element in the image or you can make it really stand out.. and anything in between.


Conclusion
This was just an introduction of making interesting images and this article should give you only the big picture and make you start thinking of this subject. I will dive deeper in to Contrast, Composition and Conceptions in following articles.
Click here to go to the next article that will go deeper in to the subjects of Contrast, Composition and Conceptions





Sunday, November 21, 2010

Theory: Basic principles of digital matte painting







I found a good article about the very basics of matte painting.





This excellent pdf file goes deeper in to matte painting production and gives lots of tips and tricks for you to experiment.

Theory: History of matte painting

I found couple links about matte painting that explains the history of matte painting very well:


Old ILM matte painting movie..not sure where it's from from Ronn Brown on Vimeo.





Here is also a link that goes through the history of matte painting .


The Future of matte painting
It seems like in the future, matte painting is going more and more in to making stuff in a 3d programs like Vue,Terragen or City Engine. The workflow would be more about generating something in a procedural engine than actual painting or composing cards.

The plan

I have been asking questions about matte painting in forums and this line that came from henrik at Somnio studios "painting nice looking image does not equal matte painting. I've seen some fantastic painters who can't do matte painting. I've also seen many terrible painters being fantastic matte painters. And everything in between.".

That made me realize that I know nothing about matte painting and it's time to change that.



He also created a list for me about what he is expecting from a junior matte painters:

1. How to paint and how to composite photographic elements.
2. Understanding SD, HD, film and how the images need to work at a a certain resolution.
2. Good knowledge of perspective.
3. Understanding, on a basic level, how compositing works.
4. Understanding green screens, keying and parallax.
5. Understanding cameras and lenses. Focal lengths, shutter speeds, aperture etc.
6. Curves and grading.
7. Clean matting, colour ranges roto etc.
8. Basic 3D/modeling/lighting/rendering.




Now this list is going to be a base for my learning and I will look back every now and then to see that I am getting closer those requirements.

To learn about composition, I´ve decided to go to school.
Escape Studios
It costs 11 000 euros, but I gain several important things from it:

  • Compositing basics
  • Learn the VFX pipeline that they use in England
  • Possibly learn using real movie footage
  • Get contacts

But the school is not enough. I learn compositing but I learn little about matte painting, so that is what this blog is about. Self-directed matte painting course.





Topics and Exercises
To break that junior matte painter requirement list down, I have written my self a set of exercises that I have to do before going to school.
This list is a first draft and I will possibly edit it in the future when I have better understanding what I need to learn.


Theory
  • Making interesting images - Composition, Contrast and Conceptions
  • Atmospheric perspective, 1/2/3 point perspective.
  • Background, Midground, Foreground elements, giving depth to a matte painting. Start thinking about breaking up painting into layers for compositing later on and giving control over animating it later.
  • History and present of matte painting.
  • Basic principles of digital matte painting


Theory Studies 1
  • Understanding theory, adapting and braking the rules.

Still image exercises
  • Cloudy day to night
  • Cloudy day to sunset
  • Summer to winter
  • Winter to summer
  • Fast concept

Video exercises
  • Video footage shot in a locked position on a tripod. Day to night study using curves and painting in lights and shadows. Cloning techniques, paint back in texture detail using the levels tool and adjustment layers to paint in highlights. 
  • Video: footage shot in a locked position on a tripod. Make plate extension where the camera will zoom out. 
  • Video: Using Nuke to import in Photoshop layers, and preparing them for 2.5D/3D compositing.
  • Video: Using Maya for 3D matte painting projections and techniques to render out for compositing.
  • Video: How to spot stretched paintings if the camera is moving too much, and adding additional projection cameras to patch up those stretch marks. 

Theory Studies 2
  • Grain averaging, and re-graining plates for matte painting work 
  • Study on Lighting/Shadow, sun direction, bounce light, specular/diffuse/reflection components of objects to consider while matte painting 
  • Sky replacement, matching lighting, black values, and perspective 
  • Experiment with different color schemes before settling, giving focus to the piece and having an interesting subject.  
  • How to create rough versions of matte paintings that have strong focus 

Here is also a list of all VFX studios in London that I have gathered:

Cinesite
Rushes
Unit
BaseBlack
PrimeFocus
Pixmondo
MethodStudios
TheVisualEffectsCompany
TheMill
Framestore
DoubleNegative
MPC
SomnioStudios
SenateVFX
MattePaintingUK